These include simulations of particle behavior, optimization problems involving multiple variables, accelerating the training of AI algorithms, and factoring prime numbers (a critical component of encryption). Quantum computers are exceptionally good at a range of complex operations. ![]() As an example, in 2019 a 72-qubit quantum computer performed a calculation in 200 seconds that would reportedly have taken the world’s fastest supercomputer 10,000 years to complete. Quantum entanglement generates exponentially greater processing power through the addition of qubits. The power of a conventional computer has a linear relationship to the number of bits it can process – increase the number of bits and the computer’s capacity will rise in proportion. Qubits can also become “entangled”, meaning the state of one qubit is intrinsically linked to another, no matter how far apart they are (Einstein famously called this “spooky action at a distance”). This third state is known as “superposition”, and a quantum computer with several qubits in superposition can process a huge number of calculations at the same time. By contrast, quantum computers harness “qubits”, which can simultaneously exist as 0s, 1s, or both 0 and 1. “and”, “not” or “or”) to perform calculations and execute programs. Traditional computers use binary “bits” of data that exist in one of two states (represented by “0” and “1”), and process them using logical operations ( e.g. Quantum operates in a completely different way to classical computers, harnessing the properties of quantum mechanics (the interaction between matter and energy at a subatomic level, including via particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons) to generate vastly superior processing power. ![]() How does it work, what are its potential applications, and how might quantum inventions be protected? How do quantum computers work? Real progress has been made in making quantum computing a reality.
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